Behavioral interventions for sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders: current findings and future directions.

OBJECTIVE To examine behavioral interventions for sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). METHODS A systematic review evaluating all published studies examining the effectiveness of behavioral treatment of sleep problems in children with ASD is presented. RESULTS Based on the Chambless criteria for treatment efficacy, both standard extinction and scheduled awakenings met criteria for possibly efficacious interventions for sleep problems in children with ASD. Some positive outcomes have been reported, but there has not been enough research examining graduated extinction, faded bedtime, stimulus fading and chronotherapy to make any firm conclusions regarding treatment efficacy for children with ASD. CONCLUSIONS Although more rigorous research is required in order for any sleep interventions for children with ASD to be considered probably efficacious or well-established, the current literature should be used to guide clinical decisions and direct research questions.